Binding authority

Binding authority is legal material that a court must follow when it applies to the issue. Court hierarchy, jurisdiction, facts, and the exact legal point all matter.

For non-lawyers, the useful habit is to ask “binding on whom, for what point, and from which court?” rather than treating every case as equally strong.

Assuming any case AI finds is binding because it has a formal citation.

For each case below, identify the court, jurisdiction, legal point, and whether it is binding, persuasive, or unknown.